Which of the following is NOT a division of philosophy?

Humanism is not considered a division of philosophy in the traditional sense. The primary divisions of philosophical study include metaphysics, which examines the nature of reality and existence; epistemology, which focuses on the nature and scope of knowledge; and aesthetics, which studies the nature of beauty and artistic expression. These three areas represent fundamental branches of philosophical inquiry that address essential questions about the world, knowledge, and art.

In contrast, humanism is more accurately described as a cultural and intellectual movement that emphasizes human values, individual agency, and the study of human experiences, often drawing upon classical literature and philosophy. While humanism may incorporate philosophical perspectives and can be informed by the branches of philosophy, it is not itself recognized as a formal division of philosophy. This distinction helps clarify the foundational structures within philosophical thought and its application to various aspects of human life and culture.